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Percona Software for MySQL Documentation

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK option

The FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK option does the following with a global read lock:

  • Closes all open tables

  • Locks all tables for all databases

Release the lock with UNLOCK TABLES.

Note

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK does not prevent inserting rows into the log tables.

To ensure consistent backups, use the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK option before taking a non-InnoDB file backup. The option does not affect long-running queries.

Enabling FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK when the server has long-running queries can leave the server in a read-only mode until the queries finish. If the server is in either the Waiting for table flush or the Waiting for source to send event state, stopping the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK operation does not help. Stop any long-running queries to return to normal operation.

To prevent the server staying in a read-only mode until the queries finish, xtrabackup does the following:

  • checks if any queries run longer than specified in --ftwrl-wait-threshold. If xtrabackup finds such queries, xtrabackup waits for one second and checks again. If xtrabackup waits longer than specified in --ftwrl-wait-timeout, the backup is aborted. As soon as xtrabackup finds no queries running longer than specified in --ftwrl-wait-threshold, xtrabackup issues the global lock.

  • kills all queries or only the SELECT queries which prevent the global lock from being acquired.

Note

All operations described in this section have no effect when Backup locks are used.

Percona XtraBackup uses Backup locks where available as a lightweight alternative to FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK. This operation automatically copies non-InnoDB data and avoids blocking DML queries that modify InnoDB tables.

Wait for queries to finish

You should issue a global lock when no long queries are running. Waiting to issue the global lock for extended period of time is not a good method. The wait can extend the time needed for backup to take place. The –ftwrl-wait-timeout option can limit the waiting time. If it cannot issue the lock during this time, xtrabackup stops the option, exits with an error message, and backup is not be taken.

The option’s default value is zero (0), which turns off the option.

Another possibility is to specify the type of query to wait on. In this case --ftwrl-wait-query-type.

The possible values are all and update. When all is used xtrabackup will wait for all long running queries (execution time longer than allowed by --ftwrl-wait-threshold) to finish before running the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK. When update is used xtrabackup will wait on UPDATE/ALTER/REPLACE/INSERT queries to finish.

The time needed for a specific query to complete is hard to predict. We assume that the long-running queries will not finish in a timely manner. Other queries which run for a short time finish quickly. xtrabackup uses the value of –ftwrl-wait-threshold option to specify the long-running queries and will block a global lock. To use this option xtrabackup user should havePROCESSandCONNECTION_ADMIN` privileges.

Kill the blocking queries

The second option is to kill all the queries which prevent from acquiring the global lock. In this case, all queries which run longer than FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK are potential blockers. Although all queries can be killed, additional time can be specified for the short running queries to finish using the --kill-long-queries-timeout option. This option specifies a query time limit. After the specified time is reached, the server kills the query. The default value is zero, which turns this feature off.

The --kill-long-query-type option can be used to specify all or only SELECT queries that are preventing global lock from being acquired. To use this option xtrabackup user should have PROCESS and CONNECTION_ADMIN privileges.

Options summary

  • --ftwrl-wait-timeout (seconds) - how long to wait for a good moment. Default is 0, not to wait.

  • --ftwrl-wait-query-type - which long queries should be finished before FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK is run. Default is all.

  • --ftwrl-wait-threshold (seconds) - how long query should be running before we consider it long running and potential blocker of global lock.

  • --kill-long-queries-timeout (seconds) - how many time we give for queries to complete after FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK is issued before start to kill. Default if 0, not to kill.

  • --kill-long-query-type - which queries should be killed once kill-long-queries-timeout has expired.

Example

Running the xtrabackup with the following options will cause xtrabackup to spend no longer than 3 minutes waiting for all queries older than 40 seconds to complete.

$  xtrabackup --backup --ftwrl-wait-threshold=40 \
--ftwrl-wait-query-type=all --ftwrl-wait-timeout=180 \
--kill-long-queries-timeout=20 --kill-long-query-type=all \
--target-dir=/data/backups/

After FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK is issued, xtrabackup will wait for 20 seconds for lock to be acquired. If lock is still not acquired after 20 seconds, it will kill all queries which are running longer that the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK.

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Last update: 2024-10-30